SUMMARY
Background. The effect of smartphone use on the cervical spine has been extensively examined and verified independent of time or age, although its negative effects on the lower back require additional research.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and back functional disabilities, as well as the endurance and morphology of core stability muscles.
Methods. One hundred eight subjects (72 males and 36 females) were divided into 2 groups, Group A: 66 addicts (27 females and 39 males) and Group B: 42 non-addicts (9 females and 33 males) based on their smartphone use as measured by smartphone addiction scale short version (SAS-SV). The Oswestry disability index (Arabic version) was used to assess back functional disabilities, and diagnostic ultrasonography was used to assess lumber muscle morphology (cross-sectional area CSA and muscle thickness MT) of the lumbar erector spinae and multifidus. Finally, the endurance of core stability muscles was evaluated using supine and prone bridge tests.
Results. The results showed no association between SA and back functional disabilities. Furthermore, CSA, MT of lumber erector spinae, and multifidus were not associated with addiction. On the other hand, back muscle endurance was associated with addiction as the non-addict group recorded higher holding time in the supine bridge test (p = 0.021). Furthermore, smartphone addiction recorded higher dorsal pain and more duration of smartphone use especially in the form of social networking and video watching in the addict group (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. There is no evidence that smartphone addiction is correlated with back pain severity, back functions, and CSA or MT of multifidus and erector spinae muscles.
On the other hand, smartphone addiction affects core stability and muscle endurance assessed by supine bridge tests.
Study registration. Protocol registration number at clinical trials.gov is NCT05321030.
Correlation Between Smart Phone Addiction, Back Functional Disability, Core Stability Muscles Endurance and Morphology in Young Adults
Asmaa Mahmoud Hussin, Salwa Fadl AbdElmaged, Hatem Mohamed El-Azizi, Mona Mohamed Ibrahim
Original Article, 593-602
Keywords: back muscle morphology, Back pain, core stability, endurance, Smartphone addiction,
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