Purpose. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical proprieties of 4 and 5-strandgrafts.
Methods. For the present study, fresh-frozen bovine common digital extensor tendons were used. Tendon grafts were prepared and sized to have a length of almost 27 cm and a cylinder 4 strand diameter of 8 mm. In half of all samples (Group A, n=12), the graft was formed by 2 bundles duplicated around a metallic rod creating a 4-strand-tendon construct. In the other half of samples (Group B, n= 12,) 5-strand-tendon construct was created duplicating a single tendon around the rod, and tripling the other one. The grafts were preconditioned at 50 N for 10 min, followed by 1,000 cyclic loading between 50 and 250 N. Load-to-failure test was then carried out at a rate of 1 mm/s.
Results. No statistically significant differences were found between two groups concerning cyclic elongation at the 500th cycle and at the final cycle. An increased stiffness was observed in the Group B during cyclic loads and at pull-out (p<0.05). Significant differences were noted at the ultimate load-to-failure between Group A (1533 ± 454 N) and Group B (1139 ± 276 N) (p< 0.05).
Conclusion. This study showed that both graft construct appears to be biomechanically effective in a bovine tendon model. 5-strand-graft showed an increased stiffness and a decreased ultimate load-to-failure comparing to the 4-strand-graft construct. Biomechanically, no real benefit could be observed in the clinical setting increasing the numbers of strands used for the ACL reconstructive surgery.
Does the 5-strand-graft have superior biomechanical behaviour than 4-strand-graft during ACL reconstruction?
D. Pavan, G. Pitarresi, F. Morello, F. Monachino, A. Sanfilippo, A. D’Arienzo, L. Camarda
Original Article, 379-385
Keywords: 4-strand-graft, 5-strand-graft, ACL reconstruction, graft, graft diameter, knee biomechanics,
Table of Content: Vol.9 (No.3) 2019 July/September
-
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided hyaluronic acid injections in achilles and patellar tendinopathies: a prospective multicentric clinical trial
A. Frizziero, F. Oliva, F. Vittadini, M. Vetrano, A. Bernetti, N. Giordan, M.C. Vulpiani, V. Santilli, S. Masiero, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 305-313 -
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Recovery after Achilles Tendon Rupture
V. Franco, J. Grotts, J. C. Lin, M. K. Fong, M. S. VasquezOriginal Article, 314-321 -
Comparison between platelet-rich plasma injections and hyaluronic acid injections in the treatment of patellar tendinopathies: a randomized trial
J.-F. Kaux, S. Bornheim, N. Dardenne, R. Deroisy, A. Samson, M. Roberjot, J.-L. CroisierOriginal Article, 322-327 -
Comparison of ultrasound-guided versus blind interventions for supraspinatus tendinopathy: a cadaveric study
F. Abat, J. Campos, J. Torras, M. Madruga, G. Planells , A. Rodriguez-BaezaOriginal Article, 328-337 -
Healing of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears following arthroscopic augmentation with a highly-porous collagen implant: a 5-year clinical and MRI follow-up
D. J. Bokor, D. H. Sonnabend, L. Deady, B. Cass, A. A. Young, C. L. Van Kampen, S. P. ArnoczkyOriginal Article, 338-347 -
Reliability of an isometric and isokinetic strength testing protocol of the knee and ankle in young adults
S. Gobbo, M. Bergamin, V. Bullo, M. Bergamo, D. S. Bocalini, A. di Blasio, L. Cugusi, E. Roma, F. Battista, C. L. Alberton, D.l Neunhaeuserer, A. Frizziero, B. Vendramin, F. Duregon, A. ErmolaoOriginal Article, 348-355 -
Quadriceps tendon rupture. Anchor or transosseous suture? A systematic review
M. Corÿdon Hochheim, E. M. Bartels, J. Vestergård IversenReview, 356-362 -
Post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis: quality of life, frequency and associated factors
R. D’Ambrosi, C. Di Silvestri, L. Manzi, C. Indino, C. Maccario, F.G. UsuelliOriginal Article, 363-371 -
Morphological variants of pes anserinus in South India
B.V. Murlimanju, R. Vadgaonkar, C. Ganesh Kumar, M.D. Prameela, M. Tonse, M. M. Pai, V. BlossomOriginal Article, 372-378 -
Does the 5-strand-graft have superior biomechanical behaviour than 4-strand-graft during ACL reconstruction?
D. Pavan, G. Pitarresi, F. Morello, F. Monachino, A. Sanfilippo, A. D’Arienzo, L. CamardaOriginal Article, 379-385 -
Influence of Cleat Design on Knee Joint Moments During Cutting Maneuver and Instep Kick in Soccer
W. Rosa de Olivera, A. N. Onodera, M. La TorreOriginal Article, 386-394 -
Relationships between cardiovascular disease risk factors and Achilles tendon structural and mechanical properties in people with Type 2 Diabetes
B.K. Coombes, K. Tucker, F. Hug, A. Scott, M. Geytenbeek, E.R. Cox, T. Gajanand, J.S. CoombesOriginal Article, 395-404 -
Treatment of infections of the lumbar spine with single-staged posterior instrumentation, disc debridement and interbody fusion with titanium cages
D. Cucchi, L. Deharde, A. Kasapovic, M. Gathen, Y. Rommelspacher, R. Bornemann, D. C. Wirtz, R. PflugmacherOriginal Article, 405-416 -
B mode, Doppler and ultrasound elastography imaging on active trigger point in women with myofascial pain syndrome treated by dry needling
H. Adigozali, A. Shadmehr, E. Ebrahimi, A. Rezasoltani, F. NaderiOriginal Article, 417-424 -
Regression model for the prediction of risk of sarcopenia among older adults
T. Agnes, K.Vishal, Girish NOriginal Article, 425-432 -
Electromyostimulation and whole-body vibration effects in elder sarcopenic patients
E. Chisari, V. Pavone, G. Sessa, S. Ravalli, G. MusumeciOriginal Article, 433-441 -
Influence of duration of pain on postural sway in individuals with mechanical neck pain
K. Vishal, A. Walkay, T. Huixin, Y. V. Raghava Neelapala, V. Suresh BhatOriginal Article, 442-445 -
Combined Anatomic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate and Anterolateral Ligaments, How I do it
N. Maffulli, P. Colombet, F. Oliva, A. OlivieroOriginal Article, 457-462 -
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation associated with core stability exercises in nonspecific postural low back pain: a randomized clinical trial
R. Dimer da Luz, M. da Silva Santos, A. Steffen Evaldt, L. da Silva Matos, R. Boff Daitx, M. B. DöhnertOriginal Article, 446-456 -
Evaluation of Concentrated Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produced from Two Different Cellular Concentrating Systems
J. M. Brewer, M. B. McCarthy, L. Pauzenburger, M. P. Cote, A. D. MazzoccaOriginal Article, 463-469