SUMMARY
The cause of muscle damage and injury is often attributed to large strains. Studies have suggested that strain is the principal cause of muscle damage rather than force. In this paper we show that force is the principal cause of muscle damage whereas strain is a means of increasing force. The subtle difference has important implications, as many studies use strain as an indicator for injury risk. In addition, we show that the data better supports a theory of stress as the principal cause of injury, rather than force alone, and aligns with both the myofibril and observational data. The implications of a stress-based model of injury is discussed within the paper.
Estimates of Stress Between the Hamstring Muscles
C. Perrin, D. Smith, J. Steele
Review, 436-441
Keywords: Force; strain; stress; damage; injury; hamstring,
Table of Content: Vol. 10 (No.3) 2020 July/September
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I.S.Mu.L.T. Recommendations for Intra and Periarticular Injections during COVID-19 Pandemic
F. Oliva, F. Vittadini, A. Frizziero, C. Costantino, A. Fusco, A. Giai Via, C. Foti, G. Nanni, A. Forte, C. Biz, M.C. Vulpiani, A. De Carli, A. Berardi, M. Fini, J. Padulo, N. MaffulliEditorial, 343-346 -
Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Acetabular Transverse Ligament and its Connection with the Acetabular Labrum
N. Kaku, T. Shimada, R. Nogami, H. Tagomori, H. TsumuraOriginal Article, 347-354 -
Biomechanical Analysis of Krackow Suture Fixation Strength of Cadaver Achilles Tendon with Loop Distance Variance of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm
K. A. M. Luthfi, H. N. Rasyid, W. Arsa, Y. D. IsmiartoOriginal Article, 355-363 -
Kinesio Tape In Shoulder Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized, Blind Clinical Trial
L. Martins da Silva, G. Maciel Bello, B. Chuaste Flores, L. Silva Dias, P. Camargo, L. F. Mengue, V. Roque, M. dos Santos Júnior, I. Rodrigues, G. Zanelatto, M. B. Dohnert, R. B. DaitxOriginal Article, 364-375 -
Influence of Supplements and Drugs used for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders on Adult Human Tendon-Derived Stem Cells
F. Di Meglio, A. M. Sacco, I. Belviso, V. Romano, F. Sirico, C. Loiacono, S. Palermi, C. Pempinello, S. Montagnani, D. Nurzynska, C. CastaldoOriginal Article, 376-384 -
The Effect of Elaeagnus Angustifolia Extract on the Joint Friction and Antioxidant Activity in Knee Non-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Model in Rat
M. Mofid, S. Homayoon Sadraie, H. Imani, G. Torkaman, G. Kaka, M. Reza Naghii, G. AlishiriOriginal Article, 385-392 -
Outcomes after Micronized Fat Adipose Transfer for Glenohumeral Joint Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Pathology: a Case Series of 18 Shoulders
D. M. Robinson, C. Eng, M. Mitchkash, A. S. Tenforde, J. Borg-SteinCase Report, 393-398 -
Ultrasound Tissue Characteristics of Diabetic Muscles and Tendons: Associations with Strength and Laboratory Blood Tests
C.Y. Kuo, W. N. Lee, S. S. M. Fong, P. Chaiyawat, G. Bashford, T. Ting-Fang Shih, L. M. Chuang, H. K. WangOriginal Article, 399-407 -
Influence of Blood Flow Restriction Level on Muscle Fatigue During an Intermittent Isometric Exercise Taken to Failure
M. S. Cerqueira, R. Pereira, G. Nunes de Mesquita, T. Rocha, A. Galvão de Moura FilhoOriginal Article, 408-415 -
In Vivo Assessment of the Tensor Vastus Intermedius Cross-sectional Area Using Ultrasonography
C. Sahinis, E. Kellis, A. Ellinoudis, K. DafkouOriginal Article, 416-423 -
Study of the Activation and Oxygenation of Multifidus and Gluteus Medius Muscles During Stretching of the Lower Limb Posterior Chain: Comparison Between Two Different Executions Techniques
L. Calanni, F. Combi, L. Rampi, M. Negro, L. Spairani, G. D’AntonaOriginal Article, 424-429 -
Gastrocnemius Kinesiotaping to Improve Dynamic Balance Performance in Middle-Age Healthy Men: Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trial
K. M. Jamshidi, S. Jalali, T. Roghani, G. Sarhan, H. Azadeh, Z. Sadat RezaeianOriginal Article, 430-435 -
Estimates of Stress Between the Hamstring Muscles
C. Perrin, D. Smith, J. SteeleReview, 436-441 -
Combined Treadmill Running and Insulin Therapy Favors the Stabilization of Glycemic Metabolic Parameters and Avoids Increased Achilles Tendon Rigidity in Diabetic Rats
A. C. Nobre de Lacerda Brito, W. Alves Martins, P. C. da Silva Queiroz, S. E. Veríssimo Santos, T. Meireles Santos, R. F. de Souza, D. Dutra Pereira, M. T. Gonzaga Santos, A. C. Falcão Esteves, S. R. Arruda de MoraesOriginal Article, 451-459 -
Long-Term Clinical and Radiographic Results of ACL Reconstruction: Retrospective Comparison Between Three Techniques (Hamstrings Autograft, Hamstrings Autograft with xEtra-Articular Reconstruction, Bone Patellar Tendon Autograft)
P. Rota, E. Monaco, A. Carrozzo, G. Bruni, A. Rota, A. FerrettiOriginal Article, 460-469 -
Effectiveness of an Ayurvedic Treatment Protocol in Knee Ligament Injuries – An Observatory Report
K. M. Pratap Shankar, P. P. Nair, G. Sureshkumar, G. K. SwamyOriginal Article, 470-481 -
Histology and Type I Collagen, Tenascin and Elastin Expression in Autologous and Allogeneic Anterior Cruciate Ligamentoplasties
I. Guillén-Vicente, J. M. López-Alcorocho, J. Salvador-Marín, E. Rodriguez-Iñigo, G. Díaz-Motola, T. F. Fernández-Jaén, E. Ibáñez, P. Guillén-GarcíaOriginal Article, 482-489 -
Associated Strengthening Exercises to Undenatured Oral Type II Collagen (UC-II). A Randomized Study in Patients Affected by Knee Osteoarthritis
A. P. Costa, V. Cunha Teixeira, M. Pereira, P. Mota Ferreira, P. A. Kuplich, M. B. Dohnert, J. F. da Silva Guths, R. Boff DaitxOriginal Article, 490-501 -
Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation Currents in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: Designing a Systematic Review
S. Izadi Laybidy, T. Shahmahmoodi, A. Rahimi, F. Bokaee, A. A. Pourmomeny, Z. Sadat RezaeianReview, 502-507 -
Asymptomatic Professional Footballers: Prevalence of Ankle Retinacula Injury with Associated Lateral Ligament and Tendon Abnormalities
K. Win, M. Gillett, R. Botchu, A.K. Suokas, A. Seth, S.L. JamesOriginal Article, 521-529 -
An Anatomical Perspective of Ulnar Collateral Nerve with Reference to Nerve and Muscle Transfer Surgery
P. J. Jiji., T. Joy, B.V. Murlimanju, M. M. Pai, L. V. Prabhu, R. RaiOriginal Article, 530-535 -
Effects of Flexi bar Training Model to Blood Biochemistry in Overweight Adults
A. Hiruntrakul, Y. PhanphengOriginal Article, 536-543 -
Study of the Biceps Fatigue after Surgery on the Long Head of Biceps Tendon in Male Heavy Workers. A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Biomechanics and Clinical Outcomes after Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis
J. E. García, E. Sánchez-Alepuz, J. Mudarra-García, A. SilvestreOriginal Article, 544-552 -
Assessment of Post-Stroke Biceps Brachialis Muscle Stiffness by Shear-Wave Elastography: a Pilot Study
P. D. Analan, H. OzdemirOriginal Article, 553-557 -
Ancient Textual Sources on Ligamentum Teres: Context and Transmission
S. V. Arkhipov, I. V. ProlyginaOriginal Article, 558-568