Background. The precise knowledge about distribution of nerves supplying the gastrocnemius muscle is clinically important. The present study aimed to observe the morphological variations in the nerve supply of gastrocnemius in a sample South Indian population.
Methods. The study included 38 formalin fixed adult cadaveric lower limbs. Variation in the number and branching pattern of the nerve to gastrocnemius muscle was studied. An imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur, was considered as the reference line to study the topographical origin of the nerves.
Results. It was observed that tibial nerve was giving one, two or three branches to the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle in 47.4%, 44.7% and 7.9% cases, respectively. The lateral head of gastrocnemius was receiving single, double or triple branch from tibia nerve in 60.5%, 34.2% and 5% cases, respectively. The nerve that innervated lateral head of gastrocnemius was also supplying soleus in 81.6% cases. The nerve to medial head was found at a higher level than the nerve to lateral head in 27 (71.1%) cases, whereas in 11 (28.9%) cases both were originating at the same level. In 76.3% cases, the nerve to MG was originating above the reference line and in 23.7% cases, below it. The nerve to LG was diverged below the reference line in 84.2% cases, at the reference line in 7.9% cases and above it in 7.9% cases.
Conclusion. We report variations in the number and topography of nerves supplying the gastrocnemius muscle, that are enlightening to the operating plastic surgeon during the procedures like triceps surae nerve block and calf reduction. This data can be used as an anatomical guide to perform the surgical dissection.
Morphological variants of nerve to gastrocnemius muscle, an anatomical guide to perform surgical dissection
V. Prathapamchandra, L. V. Prabhu, M. M. Pai, B.V. Murlimanju, R. Vadgaonkar
Original Article, 119 - 123
Keywords: gastrocnemius muscle, plastic surgery, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, soleus muscle, tibial nerve,
Table of Content: Vol.9 (No.1) 2019 January/March
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M.L.T.J. – Muscle, Ligaments and Tendons Journal: 2019 The way forward
N. MaffulliEditorial, 1 -
Short term evaluation of the hamstring graft diameter after ACL reconstruction
D. Costa Astur, D. Pires, T. Parente, P. Debieux, C. Cohen Kaleka, A. Skaf, M. CohenOriginal Article, 3 - 7 -
The efficacy of bi-component carboxymethylcellulose-polysaccharide B as a hemostatic and anti-adherent agent at the tibial insertion of the hamstring tendons after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
D. Costa Astur, F. Caracatto Baras, R. Moukbel Chaim, J. J. Krob, G. Gonçalves Arliani, G. Taniguti de Oliveira, M. CohenOriginal Article, 8 -13 -
Multi-ligament injures of the knee: does the age matter? A long-term retrospective study
N. Zimmermann, L.B. Moser, M.T. HirschmannOriginal Article, 14 -20 -
The use of robotics devices in knee rehabilitation: a critical review
R. Wilmart, E. Garone, B. InnocentiOriginal Article, 21 - 48 -
Iliotibial band syndrome: can the lateral femoral epicondyle play a role? An anatomic study of individual variation in epicondyle prominence
J.S. Everhart, A. Di Bartola, A.M.W. Chaudhari, D.C. FlaniganOriginal Article, 49 - 54 -
Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: rotational instability in the transverse plane. A preliminary laboratory in vivo study
A. Ferrer, R. Twycross-Lewis, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 55 -61 -
Gait disturbances in football, rugby players and skiers following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
M.C. Zielinski, R. Twycross Lewis, R. Woledge, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 62 - 69 -
ACL biomechanical risk factors on single-leg drop-jump: a cohort study comparing football players with and without history of lower limb injury
S. Daoukas, N. Malliaropoulos, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 70 - 75 -
Posterior meniscal root repair: a biomechanical comparison between human and porcine menisci
L. Camarda, E. Bologna, D. Pavan, F. Morello, F. Monachino, F. Giacco, M. ZingalesOriginal Article, 76 - 81 -
Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: trans-tibial versus antero-medial technique
A. Tucciarone, L. Godente, F. Netti, F. Martinelli, R. Fabbrini,L. Del Ferraro, R. D’OnofrioOriginal Article, 82 - 89 -
Ultrasonography changes at quadriceps tendon donor site in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Is it consistent with regeneration?
D. Nalla, S. Kumar Nema, D. Barathi, G. BalajiOriginal Article, 89 - 94 -
Vascular structures and relationship to intramuscular fat in supraspinatus muscle following tendon detachment and reattachment – an experimental study in rabbits
M. MacIntyre-Newell, H.K. Uhthoff, G. Trudel, O. LaneuvilleOriginal Article, 95 - 104 -
Complete rupture of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in an isolated closed injury. A systematic literature and qualitative analysis
D.L. Kerr, S. Butler, K. Thompson, A. HiggsOriginal Article, 105 - 111 -
Platelet-rich plasma in hamstring muscle injuries in professional soccer players. A pilot study
E. Bezuglov, N. Maffulli, A. Tokareva, E. AchkasovOriginal Article, 112 - 118 -
Morphological variants of nerve to gastrocnemius muscle, an anatomical guide to perform surgical dissection
V. Prathapamchandra, L. V. Prabhu, M. M. Pai, B.V. Murlimanju, R. VadgaonkarOriginal Article, 119 - 123 -
Usefulness of point shear wave elastography to assess the effects of extracorporeal shockwaves on spastic muscles in children with cerebral palsy: an uncontrolled experimental study
B. Corrado, M. Albano, M.G. Caprio, C. Di Luise, M. Sansone, V. Servodidio, S. Russo, G. Vallone, E.A. Vola, C. Servodio IammarroneOriginal Article, 124 - 130 -
A morphometric study of the popliteus myotendinous complex with its clinical aspects
P. C. Vani, V. RaveendranathOriginal Article, 131 - 137 -
Efficacy of triamcinolone injection with or without oral meloxicam for treatment of anserine syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
S. Thiengwittayaporn, S. Phatwong, N. Kangkano, N. CharoenphandhuOriginal Article, 138 - 144 -
Correlation of Handgrip Strength to Postoperative Outcomes in Rotator Cuff Repair: A Preliminary Report
Y. Karanjkar, A. Prabhu, K. VishalOriginal Article, 145 - 149 -
Combined anatomic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate and anterolateral ligaments
N. Maffulli, F. Oliva, A. OlivieroOriginal Article, 150-155