SUMMARY
It is becoming increasingly important to have a common terminology, as international and shared as possible, beginning with the classification of injuries. This can then aid in correct diagnosis, a focus prognosis, and appropriate therapy. The most adopted classification system within practice must thus be both accurate and complete but also clinically useful for those less familiar in injury management.
Muscle injuries are divided into two main categories according to the mechanism of onset: direct muscle injuries caused by the impact of a blunt body against the muscular belly and in indirect muscle injuries, caused by a phenomenon of overstretching or eccentric contraction causing internal disruption on the muscle-tendon unit.
For the clinician who faces these pathologies, it is essential to utilize a classification system which considers both the clinical findings and information from diagnostic investigations, such as ultrasound and MRI. The multi-modal approach to muscle injury assessment (clinical, ultrasound and possibly resonance imaging) seems essential for a correct clinical framework and the assessment of the severity of injury, to subsequently determine the most appropriate therapeutic pathway. In recent years, numerous classifications have been published, to attempt to arrive at a standardized common language, but in most cases it has failed to make all the professional figures involved in the dialogue on rehabilitation. For an appropriate classification system, it is important to adopt correct terminology and avoid terms such as ‘elongation’ or ‘strain’.
The objective of this paper is not to deeply address the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of muscle injuries, but to renew the standard scientific language related to muscle injuries among the various professional figures involved in rehabilitation starting from the already shared I.S.Mu.L.T. 2014 muscle injuries classification.
Muscle Injuries: 2020 Update of the I.S.Mu.L.T. Classification
G. Nanni, A. Frizziero, R. Di Miceli, F. Vittadini, P. Finotti, J. Gamberini, F. Oliva, M. Freschi, M. Buckthorpe, N. Maffulli
Original Article, 562-567
Keywords: Muscle injury; classification; sport injury; muscle trauma; prognosis,
Table of Content: Vol. 10 (No.4) 2020 October/December
-
The Role of Hyaluronic Acid Injection for the Treatment of Tendinopathy
A. Frizziero, F. Vittadini, D. Bigliardi, C. CostantinoEditorial, 548-552 -
Randomized Trial of Hymovis® versus Synvisc® on Matrix Metalloproteinases in Knee Osteoarthritis
E. Falcinelli, N. Giordan, F. Luccioli, E. Piselli, G. M. C. La Paglia, S. Momi, G. Mirabelli, E. Petito, A. Alunno, P. Gresele, R. GerliOriginal Article, 553-561 -
Muscle Injuries: 2020 Update of the I.S.Mu.L.T. Classification
G. Nanni, A. Frizziero, R. Di Miceli, F. Vittadini, P. Finotti, J. Gamberini, F. Oliva, M. Freschi, M. Buckthorpe, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 562-567 -
Adding Injectable Chitosan Poloxamer to Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Has no Beneficial Effect in Knee OA. A prospective Experimental Study in Guinea Pigs
T. Bansal, S. Patel, D. K. Chouhan, A. Bhatia, B. Medhi, N. Kakkar, M. Singh DhillonOriginal Article, 568-578 -
Brown/Beige Fat Activation after Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
M. Liu, Z. Wang, C. S. Lee, C. Nguyen, L. Lee, H. T. Kim, B. T. Feeley, X. LiuOriginal Article, 579-588 -
Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulates Rabbit Achilles Tendon Histologically and Biomechanically Healing
I. A. Kocyigit, G. Huri, S. Yürüker, R. Hashemihesar, P. Yilgor Huri, J. Nyland, M. N. DoralOriginal Article, 589-602 -
Rotator Cuff Repair with Different Suture Materials Results in Different Protein Expressions with Similar Histological Findings: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
E. Okay, M. BezerOriginal Article, 603-611 -
Optimal Platelet Concentration for The Therapeutic Effect of Autologous Neutrophil-Reduced Platelet Rich Plasma in A Rat Model of Achilles Tendinopathy
M. Yoshida, H. FunasakiOriginal Article, 612-621 -
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of The Visa-P Questionnaire for Danish-Speaking Patients with Patella Tendinopathy
S. Risager, T. Grønbech Nielsen, E. M. Bartels, H. Langberg, M. Lind, J. E. Jørgensen, J. Vestergård IversenOriginal Article, 622-632 -
Female Cadaveric Study of Neurovascular Pedicle in Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap
Latha V. Prabhu, Mangala M. Pai, Y. Lakshmisha Rao, B. V. Murlimanju, R. VadgaonkarOriginal Article, 633-639 -
Exploring Correlation between Extent of Tumour Necrosis on MRI And Histological Grade of Soft Tissue Sarcoma – An Initial Experience
S. Thaker, C. Azzopardi, A. Gulia, R. BotchuOriginal Article, 640-644 -
Hamstring Structural Injury in Futsal Players: The Effect of Active Range of Motion (AROM) Deficit on Rehabilitation Period
L. Smirnova, A. Derinov, I. GlazkovaOriginal Article, 645-650 -
No difference in Achilles Tendon Resting Angle, Patient-reported outcome or Heel-rise height Index between Non- and Early-weightbearing the First Year after an Achilles Tendon Rupture
M. R. Carmont, A. Brorsson, J. Karlsson, K. Nilsson-HelanderOriginal Article, 651-658 -
The Prevalence of Self-Reported Psychological Characteristics of Adults with Lower Limb Tendinopathy
J. Mest, B. Vaughan, J. Mulcahy, P. MalliarasOriginal Article, 659-671 -
Morphometric Profile of Distal Biceps Tendon: A Cadaveric Approach
N. Kumar, A. Aithal P., S. D. Shetty, M. Rao K. G.Original Article, 672-677 -
Operative Versus Non-Operative Management of Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review
M. K. Qureshi, A. S. Khaled, A. O. Elgindi, S. Mastan, M. JeyamReview, 678-685 -
A description of Physical Therapists’ Knowledge in Basic Competence Examination of Musculoskeletal Conditions: an Italian National Cross-Sectional Survey
G. Giovannico, F. Brindisino, M. Pappaccogli, A. Saltalamacchia, F. Bonetti, M. Tavarnelli, M. Mezzetti, A. DelittoOriginal Article, 686-697 -
Assessment and Management of Lateral Elbow Pain in Physiotherapy Clinical Practice: an Italian National Survey
T. Cioce, D. Pennella, F. Brindisino, L. Di Filippo, M. Salomon, F. MaselliOriginal Article, 698-712 -
Effectiveness of A Smartphone Directed Physical Activity Program on Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Desk-Based Office Employees – A Pragmatic, Two-Arm, Parallel, Cluster Randomised Trial
T. C. Zongpa, B. Chandrasekaran, A. ArumugamOriginal Article, 713-723 -
Treadmill Low-Intensity Training Mediates Fibrosis and Maintains the Function of Dystrophic Muscle: Understanding the Effects Over Time
A. Ferreira Lemes de Morais, P. Avelino Ferreira Pinto, A. Nobre Evangelista, A. P. Santos, A. S. Dias Machado, T. Peixoto GaiadOriginal Article, 724-733 -
Rehabilitation in Subjects with Chronic non-specific Low Back Pain with Sacroiliac Joint Origin: Protocol for a Systematic Review
T. Shahmahmoodi, S. Izadi Laybidy, A. Rahimi, F. Bokaee, Z. S. RezaeianReview, 734-739 -
Lumbopelvic Stabilization Exercises and McKenzie Method in Low Back Pain Due to Disc Protrusion: A Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
M. B. Dohnert, C. Schwanck Borges, A.Steffen Evaldt, C. de Jesus Francisco, L. da Silva Dias, B. Chuaste Flores, G. Maciel Bello, R. Dimer da Luz, R. Boff DaitxOriginal Article, 740-751 -
The Evaluation of Trunk Muscle Endurance in People with And Without forward Head Posture: a Cross-Sectional Study
Z. Salahzadeh, M. Rezaei, H. Adigozali, P. Sarbakhsh, A. Hemati, N. Khalilian-EkramiOriginal Article, 752-758 -
The Relationship between Nordic Hamstring Test and Isokinetic Dynamometry in Football and Track and Field Student Athletes: a Cross-Sectional Study
N. Sadri-Aghdam, M. Rezaei, M.R. Azghani, F. Ghaderi, H. AdigozaliOriginal Article, 759-767