Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Total Disability Index in Patients with Spine Pain and Disability: An Italian Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Translation

SUMMARY Background. Low back pain and neck pain are musculoskeletal disorders with the highest prevalence in the adult population. Spinal practices usually use formal questionnaires to asses and quantify pain and disability in people that suffer from back and neck pain, the aim of this study was to describe the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process … Continued

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Urdu Version of Lysholm Knee Score for Pakistani Population

SUMMARY Background. The Lysholm knee score, initially introduced in 1982 and modified in 1985, consists of eight items developed to assess knee function after ligamentous injury. It is widely used tool for measuring patient reported outcomes. However, as the tool evolved in English, makes its use restricted to only English-language populations. The purpose of this study is to translate, … Continued