SUMMARY
Background. Hamstrings flexibility measurements are of both, research and clinical relevance for evaluation of the training progression, prognosis of acute hamstrings injuries and monitoring recovery from such injuries. The active knee extension test and the passive knee extension test are widely used for hamstrings flexibility evaluation. However, they are based on different neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between results of both tests: active knee extension test and passive knee extension test.
Methods. 314 generally healthy and physically active subjects (204 women and 110 men), aged 18-45, participated in this study. Each subject performed 3 trials of the active knee extension test and the passive knee extension test for both lower extremities and the range of motion was measured. To make the passive knee extension test more objective the force gauge was used for ensuring constant force in each repetition. The correlations between both tests were assessed using the Pearson coefficient (r). Additionally, the ICCs for intra-rater reliability were calculated.
Results. All of the outcomes revealed a significant (p < 0.01) positive, moderately high correlation (r values ranged from 0.67 to 0.73). Presented versions of both tests yield excellent intra-rater reliability – the ICCs (3.1) ranged from 0.98 to 0.99.
Although moderately high levels of correlation, in our opinion, both tests can be used interchangeably only for general hamstring flexibility evaluation, but in more specific assessment the suitable test should be chosen, considering passive versus active nature of the movement.
Conclusions. The PKET and the AKET are useful and reliable tools for evaluation the flexibility of hamstrings. There is a significant positive, moderately high correlation between results of both tests. In our opinion, AKET is a sufficient test for a simple clinical evaluation in everyday practice and it’s recommended special for people with little experience. Additionally, in more specific clinical assessment due to the different neurophysiological mechanisms, they are based on, the choice of the tests should take into account whether the purpose of the analysis is passive versus active form of the movement.
The Relationship between Active and Passive Flexibility of the Knee Flexors
P. Niewiadomy, K. Szuścik-Niewiadomy, M. Kochan, M. T. Kuszewski
Original Article, 360-366
Keywords: flexibility, hamstrings, knee extension test, muscles", reliability,
Table of Content: Vol. 11 (No.2) 2021 April/June
-
The Role of Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors in Musculoskeletal Disease
G. Kaur, M. R. Davies, X. Liu, B. T. FeeleyReview, 201-214 -
Effects of Traditional Srichiangmai dance on Balance and Mobility in the Elderly
M. Buransri, Y. PhanphengOriginal Article, 215-222 -
Natural History of Patients with Acute Proximal Biceps Tendon Rupture
D. P. Axibal, N. C. Yeatts, A. J. Rao, K. R. Muña, I. S. Hong, P. M. Connor, J. E. Fleischli, D. P. Piasecki, B. M. Saltzman, N. HamidOriginal Article, 223-230 -
Dominant vs Nondominant Arm in Surgical Repair of Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture. A Case-Control Series of Isotonic Muscle Strength Evaluation
F. Calderazzi, F. Addevico, C. Galavotti, A. Nosenzo, M. Menozzi, A. Garzia, C. CostantinoOriginal Article, 231-239 -
Comparison between Conservative and Surgical Treatment in Proximal Humeral Fractures. A Prospective Randomized Study with 5-Years Follow-Up
M. Guzzini, R. M. Lanzetti, G. Princi, M. Spoliti, M. C. Moretti, G. Koverech, A. P. Vadalà, D. Mazza, F. Cannari, D. Topa, A. FerrettiOriginal Article, 240-245 -
Can Supraspinatus Tears Contribute to Acquired Subcoracoid Impingement? A Radiological Study of Anterosuperior Cuff Tears
M. J. Leite, A. R. Pinho, M. C. Sá, M. R. Silva, J. M. Almeida, A. N. Sousa, J. M. TorresReview, 246-250 -
The Effectiveness of Trigger Point Injection Plus Kinesio Taping in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial
E. YılmazOriginal Article, 251-258 -
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Measurement Properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of Two Scales Which Measure Function and Disability in People with Achilles Tendinopathy
Y. A. Bandeira Murakawa, S. F. Chaves Coêlho Ferreira, M. L. Azevedo Tavares, M. Almeida Bezerra, R. Ribeiro de OliveiraOriginal Article, 259-264 -
TGF-ß1 Expression in Contractured Achilles Tendon among Diabetic Foot Patients: a Semi-Quantitative Study
R. A. Primadhi, H. Gunawan, S. Rachmayati, H. N. RasyidOriginal Article, 265-272 -
Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer for Treatment of Recurrent Congenital Clubfoot Initially Treated According to Ponseti Method. Update and Systematic Review Of Literature
V. De Luna, A. Caterini, G. Gorgolini, M. Marsiolo, F. De Maio, P. FarsettiReview, 273-280 -
An adaptive Model of Achilles Tendon Mechanical Properties during Adolescence: Effect of Sex
G. Chalatzoglidis, A. J. Blazevich, F. ArabatziOriginal Article, 281-291 -
Identifying Differences in Elastographic Properties of Calf Muscles and Tendons Across Subsets of Tennis Players
C. D. Sacks, R. A. Gallo, L. Kong, D. H. CortesOriginal Article, 292-300 -
Ligamentum Teres and its Analog in the Hip Endoprosthesis – Necessary or Superfluous? A Systematic Review
S. V. Arkhipov, D. V. SkvortsovReview, 301-310 -
Estimating the Dynamic Ratio of the Lateral/Medial Hamstrings. A Case Control Study
N. Malliaropoulos, G. Bikos, D. Pyne, G. Kakavas, N. Maffulli, P. TsaklisOriginal Article, 311-317 -
A 90 Minute Soccer Match Induces Eccentric Hamstring Muscles Fatigue
G. Kakavas, N. Malliaropoulos, T. Gabbett, M. Mitrotasios, N. Van Dyk, G. Bikos, N. MaffulliOriginal Article, 318-323 -
Quick Recovery and No Arthrofibrosis in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: a Prospective Trial of Early versus Delayed Reconstruction
E. Monaco, F. Iannotti, A. Carrozzo, A. Annibaldi, F. Marzilli, M. Nurzia , P. F. Indelli, A. FerrettiOriginal Article, 324-332 -
High Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Immediate Postoperative Period of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Its Effects on Drug Costs During Hospitalization
M. B. Dohnert, N. de Oliveira Cardoso Novaski, J. Ribeiro Deves, A. Rennan de Oliveira Soares, M. Medeiros da Silveira, J. Victor Euzébio dos Santos, P. A. Kuplich, R. Boff DaitxOriginal Article, 333-339 -
Evaluation of Antifibrinolytic Use in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Arthroscopic Reconstruction. A Prospective Clinical Trial
V. La Banca, J. G. Suzuki Leal Roque, T. Protta, M. Schmidt NavarroOriginal Article, 340-343 -
Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Italian Equestrian Athletes: a Cross-Sectional Study
M. Ferrante, F. Bonetti, F. M. Quattrini, M. Mezzetti, S. DemarieOriginal Article, 344-352 -
Most Impacting Injuries in Football: a Possible Association?
M. Glaied, G. N. Bisciotti, A. Bisciotti, A. Bisciotti, C. EiraleCase Report, 353-359 -
The Relationship between Active and Passive Flexibility of the Knee Flexors
P. Niewiadomy, K. Szuścik-Niewiadomy, M. Kochan, M. T. KuszewskiOriginal Article, 360-366